This project investigates carnivore–pastoralist conflict dynamics in Tanzania’s Tarangire–Manyara Ecosystem, emphasizing leopard and spotted hyena impacts on Maasai pastoralist community livelihood and cultural security. Using mixed methods, we assess livestock depredation patterns and drivers of tolerance through exploring perceptions of living with carnivores, focusing on species previously identified as problematic to local well-being.

 

Findings indicate that boma attacks are driven primarily by husbandry practices, with environmental predictors playing comparatively minor roles (Bell & Raycraft, 2025). Pastoralist tolerance is less tied to ecological conditions than by economic losses, sleep deprivation, conservation values, and personal attitudes (Raycraft & Bell, 2025).

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Results indicate that coexistence hinges upon effective physical conflict mitigation barriers and promoting tolerance by balancing material costs with intangible socio-cultural dimensions.